Funerary relief of Haliphat from Palmyra (PAL0119)
Limestone funerary relief of Haliphat, identified as such in the Palmyrene inscription over her shoulders, which likewise gives her date of death as 231 CE. She wears a veil and headdress, and her wavy hair is parted in the middle and secured behind her head beneath the veil. A lock of hair extends from the part over her forehead. She wears a thin strand of beads across her neck, above a series of Venus rings. In addition, -----beaded necklaces, and two rings on her left-hand little-finger. Her tunic and cloak are fastened with a large circular brooch with a rosette and geometric decorations. Her right hand is raised to her cheek, and she extends her forefinger and middle-finger to touch her cheek, while the ring- and little-fingers are bent to touch her jaw. Her left arm is draped but her left hand extends from her cloak to hold the edge, while extending her pinky- and fore-fingers. Behind her is a background composed of a cloth and two palm fronds secured with rosettes at each end. Traces of paint are still legible on Haliphat's drapery and face.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=3rd+c.+CE">3rd c. CE</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=231+CE">231 CE</a>
Image rights: <a href="https://www.freersackler.si.edu/object/F1908.236/%20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Freer | Sackler Museum of Art</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0119
Limestone head of a woman from a funerary relief from Syria (PAL0118)
The limestone head of a woman, probably originally from a funerary relief from Syria, dated to the 3rd c. CE. She wears a headdress with a thin decorated diadem. Her hair is pulled back behind the veil. She touches her right cheek with her three middle fingers of her right hand, but the rest is not preserved. The headdress and veil, almond-shaped eyes and incised eyebrows, and the overall pose and style of the sculpture is Palmyrene; however, the quality of the limestone (poor), placement of the diadem (not fully around the head), and straight hair are all unusual.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Syria+%28Palmyra%3F%29">Syria (Palmyra?)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=3rd+c.+CE">3rd c. CE</a>
Image CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 image courtesy of <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jondresner/5931185899/in/album-72157627056534225/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jonathan Dresner</a>
Limestone
PAL0118
Funerary relief for a woman from Palmyra (PAL0116)
A limestone funerary relief of a woman with a Palmyrene inscription over the left shoulder. She wears a headdress and veil with a headband decorated in a palm motif flanked by geometric shapes, a design used frequently on the funerary reliefs of Palmyra. The band headdress covers her forehead and obscures the part in her hair, but tendrils of wavy hair spill onto the figure's shoulders beneath the veil. She wears elaborate earrings and several necklace strands (or one necklace made up of different strands). Her tunic beneath her cloak is decorated, and a band of floral decoration (perhaps another piece of jewelry) is located around her upper right arm. In her left hand she grasps the end of her cloak in a loop, while she gestures with her right hand, palm in, with the thumb, pointer, and little finger extended and the two middle fingers folded down. The incised almond shaped eyes, frontal composition, and fleshy Venus-rings across her neck are often found on these reliefs. Dated to the third century CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=3rd+c.+CE">3rd c. CE</a>
Image rights: Public domain via the<a href="https://collections.lacma.org/node/173204" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0116
Inscribed funerary relief of a woman from Palmyra (PAL0115)
A limestone funerary relief depicting a woman with a Palmyrene inscription over her left shoulder. She wears a veil and diadem decorated with floral and lattice designs found frequently on other examples, and her hair is parted in the center and wraps back around the head beneath the veil. The eyebrows, eyes, and pupils are incised, with the gaze directly slightly upward. The woman wears a tunic, ball earrings, two necklaces (one with a circular hanging pendant), and two rings on her lefthand little finger. Both arms are held against the body beneath her drapery, and her right arm crosses over her chest to rest on (or grasp) the cloak on her opposite shoulder. Her left hand extends from the cloak, whose edge is looped up and grasped between her thumb and forefinger, with the rest of her fingers likewise extended. Behind the figure is a cloth seemingly affixed to the background by a four-petaled rosette at the right corner (the left is damaged). From Palmyra, dated c.175 CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=c.175+CE">c.175 CE</a>
Image rights: Public domain via <a href="https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/7097" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yale University Art Gallery</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0115
Inscribed funerary relief for a woman from Palmyra (PAL0114)
A limestone funerary relief of a woman with a Palmyrene inscription over the figure's left shoulder. The woman, the deceased, wears a veil over a headdress with an unusually high diadem. She holds the edge of her veil in her right hand, a typical gesture in Palmyrene portraiture. Her left hand is partially wrapped in the cloak she wears over her tunic, and she holds a spindle and distaff while extending her pointer and pinky finger, and folding her middle and ring finger. Her head is turned slightly to her left, and is not straight on as in many other examples of this type from Palmyra. Dated to c. 125-150 CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=c.125-150+CE">c.125-150 CE</a>
Image rights: Public domain via <a href="https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/7096" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Yale University Art Gallery</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0114
Funerary relief of Abuna, daughter of Nabuna from Palmyra (PAL0111)
Limestone funerary relief of Abuna, identified in the Palmyrene inscription over her left shoulder as the daughter of Nabuna, son of Anini. She wears a veil and headdress with a decorated band, featuring a central floral motif and a lattice pattern (see also <a href="http://wireproject.org/items/show/710#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-1269%2C0%2C4788%2C2999" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PAL0112</a>). With her left hand, she grasps the edge of the veil, a gesture frequently encountered on these reliefs. Her hair is up and back behind the veil (as in <a href="http://wireproject.org/items/show/710#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-1269%2C0%2C4788%2C2999" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PAL0112</a>, <a href="http://wireproject.org/items/show/711#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-197%2C-1%2C766%2C480" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PAL0113</a>). The woman wears a tunic and cloak fastened with a large circular brooch at her left shoulder, as well as earrings, a pendant necklace, and two rings on her left pinky. Her right arm is wrapped in her tunic and cloak, the edge of which she holds between her thumb and forefinger, with her middle-finger likewise extended, and her ring and pinky finger folded. Traces of red paint appear in the inscription over the figure's left shoulder. From Palmyra, dated c.170-230 CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=c.170-230+CE">c.170-230 CE</a>
Image rights: Public domain via <a href="https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/4535" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Yale University Art Gallery</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0111
Funerary relief of No'om, wife of Haira from Palmyra (PAL0110)
Inscribed limestone funerary relief of No'om, identified in a Palmyrene inscription as the wife of Haira, son of Maliku. The relief depicts a woman facing front, draped, and wearing a headdress. The headband and edge of her robes are decorated with rosettes and geometric decoration. Her hair is pulled up and back beneath the headdress, with two tendrils spilling over her shoulders. She wears jewelry typical of funerary depictions of women in Palmyra, including necklaces, bracelets, earrings (decorated with a human bust), and a brooch topped with a lion, with a key attached below. With her right hand, she holds the edge of her veil, and in her left hand, she holds a spindle and distaff with two fingers and a thumb extended around them. Both gestures and attributes are found elsewhere at Palmyra.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=mid+to+late+2nd+c.+CE">mid to late 2nd c. CE</a>
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0110
Ossuary with an Aramaic inscription in Palmyrene script for Tymy, mentioning a son and daughter (JLM0030)
A four line fragmentary inscription in Palmyrene script for Tymy, son of Hbby, mentioning ultimately a son and daughter. From Jerusalem, dated to the 1st c. BCE/CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>
CIIP1: 439
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1st+c.+BCE-1st+c.+CE">1st c. BCE-1st c. CE</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic+%28in+Palmyrene+script%29">Aramaic (in Palmyrene script)</a>
JLM0030
Inscription mentioning Zenobia from the Great Colonnade located in Palmyra (PAL0108)
Bilingual Greek and Palmyrene dedicatory inscription for statues of Zenobia, and commanders Septimii Zabdas and Zabbaios from the Great Colonnade at Palmyra, dated to 271 CE.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
Gardner , S., Lieu, K. Parry From Palmrya to Zayton: epigraphy and iconography, 2005, 71.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=271+CE+">271 CE </a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Greek%3B+Palmyrene">Greek; Palmyrene</a>
PAL0108
Milestone found west of Palmyra at el Kersai (PAL0107)
Bilingual milestone in Greek and Palmyrene with the following inscriptions
Gardner , S., Lieu, K. Parry From Palmrya to Zayton: epigraphy and iconography, 2005, 78.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=268%2F70+CE">268/70 CE</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Greek+">Greek </a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
PAL0107
Funerary relief of 'Alayyat from Palmyra (PAL0102)
Limestone funerary relief of 'Alayyat, daughter of Zabdibol (see PAL0101). The deceased is shown in typical Palmyrene garb with a cloak covering her hair. She wears especially elaborate jewelry, with a uniquely prominent wrapped headdress and elaborate diadem and animal-figured brooch.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
Metropolitan Museum of Art
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=2nd+c.+CE">2nd c. CE</a>
Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access Program
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0102
Funerary relief of Tadmur, from Palmyra (PAL0104)
Limestone funerary relief of Tadmur, wife of Mokimu. The deceased is shown in typical Palmyran dress with a diadem. Interestingly, unlike many other Palmyran portraits, she wears no other jewelry and holds only her robe (in her right hand). The features and hairstyle are otherwise typical of Palmyrene portraiture.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
Metropolitan Museum of Art, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/322377
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=148+CE">148 CE</a>
Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access Program
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0104
Funerary relief of Zabdibol, with his daughters and son, from Palmyra (PAL0109)
Limestone funerary relief depicting the deceased, Zabdibol, reclining and dining on a couch, surrounded by his two daughters (Tadmur and 'Alayyat) and son (Mokimu). Inscriptions in Palmyrene to the right of the portraits identify the persons.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Metropolitan Museum Open Access Program
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aramaic">Aramaic</a>
PAL0109
Funerary relief of a woman, from Palmyra (PAL0101)
A limestone funerary relief from Palmyra showing the deceased in a robe and headdress, with elaborate jewelry (especially diadem, earrings and brooch). In her left hand she holds a spindle and distaff, tools often associated with women's trade and the household economy. The inscription in the upper left has not been deciphered.
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=48&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyra">Palmyra</a>
Metropolitan Museum, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/322367
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1st+c.+CE+-+2nd+c.+CE+">1st c. CE - 2nd c. CE </a>
Metropolitan Museum Open Access Program
Limestone
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Palmyrene">Palmyrene</a>
PAL0101